A chiasm is a literary structure where the words or themes of the first section of a passage are repeated in reverse order in the second. Typically whatever is in the center of the chiasm is what is being emphasized. What is being emphasized in Jeremiah 31:21-40 is that the new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah will not be like the Mosaic covenant which they broke (Jer 31:32).
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